We are often our own worst enemies, seeking to find favor with majority fashions or ideologies, while at the same time, we face campaigns from the outside to denigrate and disenfranchise Jews.
Italy was made up of rival independent states, each one had its own policies. For example Ferrara was proJewish, Venice often was not etc but it also depeneded on the Popes. Most were anti Jewish. A few more tolerant.
There is absolutely no excuse for these adult children of Holocaust survivors to protest against a genocide that is NOT taking place. Did they protest during the second intifada when suicide bombings occurred in restaurants, hotels, markets, discos, etc killing hundreds or more of innocent Israelis? Do they not understand that many of the savagely slaughtered innocent Israelis on Oct 7 were the same naive Israelis who drove Gazan’s into Israel untold numbers of times over the years to hospitals & doctors appointments, thinking that this was a way to show that they could live in peace side by side? The thanks they got was to be murdered & for those people to hand out candy & celebrate. What about the hundreds of thousands of rockets rained down upon Israel since Hamas took over? Any protest there? I am not young, I will NEVER understand the mindset of these people. Not the two you wrote about, & not these traitors to our people.
I have found that American Jews that have not been to Israel and even those who have for their '10 days" tend to perceive Israel through an american lens. Just a reminder of the size of Israel and the neighborhood - Islam literally translates to: submission to the will of Allah. There are 481 Million Muslims in the Arab League vs 7.9 Million Israeli Jews
The distribution of the Jewish population in Europe in 1933 - when we were surrounded by another group of people and their many collaborators who decided it was time to annihilate us... Population of Europe in 1933 was 550 Million Europeans (gentiles) vs 9.7 Jews
There was no Israel then - it was the British Mandate of Palestine and by 1939 the British white paper limited Jewish immigration to 75 K over a five year period.
By 1945 two of every three Jews were murdered by gassing/hanging/shooting or burned alive (before gas chambers were built. (including my paternal grandparents)
Just saying. (I tried to paste the maps - wouldn't take)
I have spent a lot of my life in Israel as an American Jew & my second husband z’l was a Sabra. Child of Pioneers who came to ‘Palestine’ in the early 1930’s. Tel Aviv was just a couple of streets in those days. I have relatives in Israel. I was thinking of making Aliyah in 2019 after spending 3 months in Jerusalem. I came back to the states and the ‘pandemic’ happened. Now it’s too late for me & life circumstances have changed. But then, as far as I am concerned the whole world is upside down. We are always going to be the tiny minority in the world. But no one can take away our pride of being who we are. Unless we let them.
The world has always been upside down especially if one is a Jew - It was for my late parents. My mother's family lived in Germany since the 14th century - they left Catalunia in 1390 during blood libel pogroms and settled in Germany. My 2nd great grandfather was a Bavarian Tax collector and opened a bank in Leimersheim Germany - there is a street named after him - did that prevent his grandchildren living in Berlin from being deported on transports to Auschwitz 42 years after his death?
Throughout the 1930s the American Consulates in both Warsaw and Berlin were not above turning away Jews from quota immigration visas.. I already know first hand what happens to Jews when they are at the "mercy" of countries in which we are a minority. For American Jews who are able - and many are.... support Israel even if that means buying Israeli goods - and make sizable donations - as someone who cut her wisdom teeth on the Yom Kippur War - while pregnant with our oldest son - while my husband was in Sinai... the Israeli economy takes a hit during war and intifadas. We only have ONE Israel.
Jews settle in Western countries and "assimilate" in terms of their politics - and life styles - that combined with podcasts / slick films on youtube that are widely circulated by " Christians" or "Muslims" who push suppersessionism and misinformation and claim that "we" are not the Jews / Israelites/Ivrim who inhabited ancient Israel/Judea - the filmmakers always quote from John (anti Jewish) - from the NT. Over 1/2 million watch these films (mostly christian english speakers) and over 11 K leave comments agreeing and blessing the filmmaker for revealing the "truth" and damning Jews. (not surprised)
People wonder why there is Judenhass? It came from the pulpit and continues on... BTW I am the 70 plus year old child of Holocaust survivors and an Israeli by choice since 1971 - their signs should read HAMAS did it. SUPPORT ISRAEL, is what my deceased Shoah survivor parents would say today.
I think its important to distinguish Islam from Jihadism and the Muslim Brotherhood. Just as I would distinguish criminal Jews from other law abiding Jews!
Thank you for the history lesson. How ironic that in the 1200s, when the traitor Christiani and others managed to censor the Talmud in Christian countries, “the original texts were only preserved under Islam.” A friend mentioned to me that, at times, the Jews fared better in Muslim countries than in Christian ones but I found it hard to believe, given the rabid hatred of Islamists towards Jews that exists today. But then again, gentiles everywhere have always wanted to use our skills, brains (especially our so-called financial prowess)....offering us a few favors while relegating us to the status of second class citizens. And when they believed they didn’t “need” us anymore, they’d try to exterminate us.
I can understand why some Jews wouldn’t want to live like this – and hide their Jewishness - but I will never understand them renouncing their Judaism and making such a big deal about slandering Judaism. Rabbi Aron Moss of Chabad.org offers an explanation for the self-hating Jew.
“He is a vivid illustration of the indestructibility of the Jewish soul. Here is a guy who could easily identify as a non-Jew, and has every reason to…he reviles everything Jewish, and he sides with the enemy of the Jewish people. So why doesn’t he just drop the whole Jewish thing altogether? Because he can’t. Being Jewish can’t be dropped. It is a Jew’s deepest identity. Whether you love it or hate it, it will always be there. No conversion can change that. And so, in a twisted way, he expresses his Jewishness by being the anti-Jewish Jew. Yes, he is using his Jewishness as a weapon against Jews. No, he should not be invited to speak at any Jewish event. People like that can do a huge amount of damage. But the biggest damage is to themselves. Here is a Jewish soul yearning to connect to Jewishness, who has blocked his own path. Here is someone whose primary preoccupation, whose main claim to fame, is his Jewishness, but a tormented Jewishness. Rather than embrace it, he fights it. He is an accomplice in his own persecution.”
Jews do not bow down to Gentiles ,and take on their bad habits! I am a 57-year-old, gentle, but knows quite a bit about Jewish history. Look at your own past Israel how many times did you not listen to God straight away started worshiping false idols doing things you weren’t supposed to be doing that’s why God made you separate especially adults acting this way stay off the Internet quit filling your head with a bunch of lies. Look at real history. Read a book if that’s possible. they didn’t make it to the promised land for 450 years because of Moses another 40 years because of Moses, striking the rock in anger. You struck God when you did that the Bible is one big puzzle put the pieces together and it makes perfect sense. It’s really heartbreaking. Seeing Jews talk about genocide they should know. but some don’t, the kids of the true victims👁️🫵🏽 you’re still the victim Jews don’t go to the Darkside. All they do is brainwash you like they do the puppets that go towards that religion. It’s not religion it’s cult ISLAM . Islam is your enemy in any country you go to open your eyes and pay attention that’s your true problem coming from a gentile
Psychology of humans is complex, so we can't pretend to understand the motives of everyone, but we can try. Saying "Traitor" is not really understanding. It's more of a growl, saying "I don't like you, because you seem like the ingroup, but in reality you are part of the outgroup and are threatening the ingroup". Ingroup/outgroup motivations are basic evolutionary psychology, some of our most primitive emotions that have been selected for both by biological and social evolution. Let's try to go beyond that, if we are able to?
Maybe these "traitors" hold Jews to higher standards than everyone else (because we usually have higher moral standards, on the average, it's part of our culture) and have an incomplete understanding of what is going on in Israel, seeing it from the lens of the oppressor/victim/rescuer game. If so, then the medieval examples of "traitors" does not help understand this sort of psychology. I can see though, that being rejected by the jewish community would cause someone to try to take revenge against it (as in the first medieval example), and also to try to find another group to fit into, as groupishness is part of our nature (though there are other motivations, like seeking truth, that sometimes are opposed to groupishness). It would be interesting to find out if any of the famous anti-Israelis like Ilan Pape and Norman Finkelstein have been rejected by their family or jewish community, it's an empirical question. If not, than we should be open to other motivations, like truth seeking, justice seeking, routing for the underdog (even if the underdog is a death cult), etc.
Interesting. Jews hold Jews to higher standards without abandoning their commitment as Jews devoted to Jews including the national Homeland of the Jews, Israel. We also have psychopaths like pappe, some self Hating self professing antisemite sax player in Britain, max blumenthal...who ever is the guy behind mondoweiss. the pbs news hour and others will always give a platform to if not now...." Israel is presented as some Jewish disneyland "she says.....when really it is pure evil.....psychopaths.
In more recent times, we have the Yevsektsiya, the Jewish section of the communist party that, following the 1917 revolution, actively pursued shutting down of Jewish religious culture in the Soviet union. They were all Jews and in the 1930s Stalin killed them all. After World War II, in the Soviet, there was the Jewish Anti Zionist league, also organized by the communist party to counter any ideas of Jewish nationalism. (In someways this was ironic because the Soviet Union was the first country to give de jure recognition to Israel in 1948, although, this was actually just a tactic to help push the British out of the Middle East.) however, any such attempt at showing loyalty to the Soviet regime was for not – Stalin was planning on wiping out Jews, accusing them of being “wandering cosmopolitans,” his plan only being foiled due to his death.
I dont want to claim to be an historian but I would think the biggest enemy among the Jews was Jesus Christ of Nazareth. He was an apostate and traitor to the Jewish people. His followers started a new religion called Christianity and they did quite a number on us over the centuries. Then again, the Christians have their version of Jesus. Frankly, I am an agnostic so I wish all religions would just live and let live and try not to invoke their beliefs on others. And dont get me started on those Muslims this early in the morning. papa j
Greeks, Romans and then yeshu ha'notzri and his followers (and yes some were Jews) by 250 C.E. Jews were expelled from Carthage, which coincided with the early writings in Greek of the synoptic gospels and the Book of Acts...and it continued on... In the 7th century as islam spread they too changed their "Holy Book" using the same cast of characters of the Torah - some things never change. Their carnage of Jews hasn't stopped either. There have been many bad actors over the centuries ....
Yeshu didn't want to start a new religion. That motivation was due to Paul (Shaul). There were quite a few jewish disciples of Yeshu who mostly died out by the 4th century. To find out more on this (I'm no expert), read books by Hugh Schonfield such as Those Incredible Christians.
Yes I agree with you.It was Paul.In fact I doubt that who the Chritians call Jesus actually existed. Rather it was a construct of several different personalities of current faith healers. And indeed for a long time it was impossible to distinguish Jewish Christians from Christian Jews.
My father agreed with you. Took many centuries for Christianity to form as more than a sect of Judaism. I tend to be charitable towards Yeshu'a. I believe he was not apostate but taught Judaism to Jews....but I don't pretend to expert either.
OH Mr. Rosen again......you left out Jews who were apostates to Islam....and did the same....I don't have the names but they are in the historic records. You left out the SDS Jews I wrote of. The JEws who went to pick sugar cane in 'revolutionary Cuba" but reviled Zionists like me....I went to pick oranges in Israel. The Talmud was preserved only under Islam? Can that be the case? Was the Talmud preserved no where in Christendom? Today the Arabs "translated" the Talmud so the Arabs can see for themselves those "Talmudic rituals" that Jews are practicing on the holy Al Aqsa Compound which we are instructed is only and exclusively Islamic....but that is not aparheid or racism....certainly not.... If not now, jvp.... someone from Brooklyn who made aliyah to Vermont....we have a lot of enemies from within.
Yes indeed I did leave out lots of other examples in both worlds. I try to be selective. Brevity is a discipline and makes easier reading. Thank you for poniting it out.
Truah, Not in My Name, Beyt Tikun in Berkley et al... I was shunned by my peers for joining Ichud Habonim in the 1960s, as a Labor Zionist instead of a sorority. I moved to kibbutz as a Labor Zionist in 1971. The rest is history.
Uncensored texts of the Talmud were preserved only in the Islamic countries. In Christian countries, some apostate Jews pointed out passages that they interpreted to be anti-Christian, and these were censored. There are still volumes of the Tomwood, whose title pages were directly copied from versions published in Thuan. On those title pages it is indicated that these texts were approved by the government sensor.
Interesting that the history cited includes France and Spain but not Italy. I remember reading that the Italians, while not loving toward their Jews, were not especially nasty either. Any other info on this?
It depended when and who was in charge (ruling Italy) .. Jews lived in Rome after the destruction of the Second Temple - here is a thorough historical timeline on Wikipedia of the history of Jews in Italy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy
Italy was made up of rival independent states, each one had its own policies. For example Ferrara was proJewish, Venice often was not etc but it also depeneded on the Popes. Most were anti Jewish. A few more tolerant.
There is absolutely no excuse for these adult children of Holocaust survivors to protest against a genocide that is NOT taking place. Did they protest during the second intifada when suicide bombings occurred in restaurants, hotels, markets, discos, etc killing hundreds or more of innocent Israelis? Do they not understand that many of the savagely slaughtered innocent Israelis on Oct 7 were the same naive Israelis who drove Gazan’s into Israel untold numbers of times over the years to hospitals & doctors appointments, thinking that this was a way to show that they could live in peace side by side? The thanks they got was to be murdered & for those people to hand out candy & celebrate. What about the hundreds of thousands of rockets rained down upon Israel since Hamas took over? Any protest there? I am not young, I will NEVER understand the mindset of these people. Not the two you wrote about, & not these traitors to our people.
I have found that American Jews that have not been to Israel and even those who have for their '10 days" tend to perceive Israel through an american lens. Just a reminder of the size of Israel and the neighborhood - Islam literally translates to: submission to the will of Allah. There are 481 Million Muslims in the Arab League vs 7.9 Million Israeli Jews
The distribution of the Jewish population in Europe in 1933 - when we were surrounded by another group of people and their many collaborators who decided it was time to annihilate us... Population of Europe in 1933 was 550 Million Europeans (gentiles) vs 9.7 Jews
There was no Israel then - it was the British Mandate of Palestine and by 1939 the British white paper limited Jewish immigration to 75 K over a five year period.
By 1945 two of every three Jews were murdered by gassing/hanging/shooting or burned alive (before gas chambers were built. (including my paternal grandparents)
Just saying. (I tried to paste the maps - wouldn't take)
I have spent a lot of my life in Israel as an American Jew & my second husband z’l was a Sabra. Child of Pioneers who came to ‘Palestine’ in the early 1930’s. Tel Aviv was just a couple of streets in those days. I have relatives in Israel. I was thinking of making Aliyah in 2019 after spending 3 months in Jerusalem. I came back to the states and the ‘pandemic’ happened. Now it’s too late for me & life circumstances have changed. But then, as far as I am concerned the whole world is upside down. We are always going to be the tiny minority in the world. But no one can take away our pride of being who we are. Unless we let them.
The world has always been upside down especially if one is a Jew - It was for my late parents. My mother's family lived in Germany since the 14th century - they left Catalunia in 1390 during blood libel pogroms and settled in Germany. My 2nd great grandfather was a Bavarian Tax collector and opened a bank in Leimersheim Germany - there is a street named after him - did that prevent his grandchildren living in Berlin from being deported on transports to Auschwitz 42 years after his death?
Throughout the 1930s the American Consulates in both Warsaw and Berlin were not above turning away Jews from quota immigration visas.. I already know first hand what happens to Jews when they are at the "mercy" of countries in which we are a minority. For American Jews who are able - and many are.... support Israel even if that means buying Israeli goods - and make sizable donations - as someone who cut her wisdom teeth on the Yom Kippur War - while pregnant with our oldest son - while my husband was in Sinai... the Israeli economy takes a hit during war and intifadas. We only have ONE Israel.
Absolutely right! They never had to face reality.
Absolutly right! They have never had to face reality!
Jews settle in Western countries and "assimilate" in terms of their politics - and life styles - that combined with podcasts / slick films on youtube that are widely circulated by " Christians" or "Muslims" who push suppersessionism and misinformation and claim that "we" are not the Jews / Israelites/Ivrim who inhabited ancient Israel/Judea - the filmmakers always quote from John (anti Jewish) - from the NT. Over 1/2 million watch these films (mostly christian english speakers) and over 11 K leave comments agreeing and blessing the filmmaker for revealing the "truth" and damning Jews. (not surprised)
People wonder why there is Judenhass? It came from the pulpit and continues on... BTW I am the 70 plus year old child of Holocaust survivors and an Israeli by choice since 1971 - their signs should read HAMAS did it. SUPPORT ISRAEL, is what my deceased Shoah survivor parents would say today.
I think its important to distinguish Islam from Jihadism and the Muslim Brotherhood. Just as I would distinguish criminal Jews from other law abiding Jews!
Thank you for the history lesson. How ironic that in the 1200s, when the traitor Christiani and others managed to censor the Talmud in Christian countries, “the original texts were only preserved under Islam.” A friend mentioned to me that, at times, the Jews fared better in Muslim countries than in Christian ones but I found it hard to believe, given the rabid hatred of Islamists towards Jews that exists today. But then again, gentiles everywhere have always wanted to use our skills, brains (especially our so-called financial prowess)....offering us a few favors while relegating us to the status of second class citizens. And when they believed they didn’t “need” us anymore, they’d try to exterminate us.
I can understand why some Jews wouldn’t want to live like this – and hide their Jewishness - but I will never understand them renouncing their Judaism and making such a big deal about slandering Judaism. Rabbi Aron Moss of Chabad.org offers an explanation for the self-hating Jew.
“He is a vivid illustration of the indestructibility of the Jewish soul. Here is a guy who could easily identify as a non-Jew, and has every reason to…he reviles everything Jewish, and he sides with the enemy of the Jewish people. So why doesn’t he just drop the whole Jewish thing altogether? Because he can’t. Being Jewish can’t be dropped. It is a Jew’s deepest identity. Whether you love it or hate it, it will always be there. No conversion can change that. And so, in a twisted way, he expresses his Jewishness by being the anti-Jewish Jew. Yes, he is using his Jewishness as a weapon against Jews. No, he should not be invited to speak at any Jewish event. People like that can do a huge amount of damage. But the biggest damage is to themselves. Here is a Jewish soul yearning to connect to Jewishness, who has blocked his own path. Here is someone whose primary preoccupation, whose main claim to fame, is his Jewishness, but a tormented Jewishness. Rather than embrace it, he fights it. He is an accomplice in his own persecution.”
She's about as Jewish as I am Balinese!
Well said!
Jews do not bow down to Gentiles ,and take on their bad habits! I am a 57-year-old, gentle, but knows quite a bit about Jewish history. Look at your own past Israel how many times did you not listen to God straight away started worshiping false idols doing things you weren’t supposed to be doing that’s why God made you separate especially adults acting this way stay off the Internet quit filling your head with a bunch of lies. Look at real history. Read a book if that’s possible. they didn’t make it to the promised land for 450 years because of Moses another 40 years because of Moses, striking the rock in anger. You struck God when you did that the Bible is one big puzzle put the pieces together and it makes perfect sense. It’s really heartbreaking. Seeing Jews talk about genocide they should know. but some don’t, the kids of the true victims👁️🫵🏽 you’re still the victim Jews don’t go to the Darkside. All they do is brainwash you like they do the puppets that go towards that religion. It’s not religion it’s cult ISLAM . Islam is your enemy in any country you go to open your eyes and pay attention that’s your true problem coming from a gentile
Especially Chuck Schumer
And any other Jew in power. I saw Elaine from Seinfeld doing a video with the enemy really
❤️🙃
Islam is going to be the NWO those who have eyes let them see those who have ears let them hear!
Psychology of humans is complex, so we can't pretend to understand the motives of everyone, but we can try. Saying "Traitor" is not really understanding. It's more of a growl, saying "I don't like you, because you seem like the ingroup, but in reality you are part of the outgroup and are threatening the ingroup". Ingroup/outgroup motivations are basic evolutionary psychology, some of our most primitive emotions that have been selected for both by biological and social evolution. Let's try to go beyond that, if we are able to?
Maybe these "traitors" hold Jews to higher standards than everyone else (because we usually have higher moral standards, on the average, it's part of our culture) and have an incomplete understanding of what is going on in Israel, seeing it from the lens of the oppressor/victim/rescuer game. If so, then the medieval examples of "traitors" does not help understand this sort of psychology. I can see though, that being rejected by the jewish community would cause someone to try to take revenge against it (as in the first medieval example), and also to try to find another group to fit into, as groupishness is part of our nature (though there are other motivations, like seeking truth, that sometimes are opposed to groupishness). It would be interesting to find out if any of the famous anti-Israelis like Ilan Pape and Norman Finkelstein have been rejected by their family or jewish community, it's an empirical question. If not, than we should be open to other motivations, like truth seeking, justice seeking, routing for the underdog (even if the underdog is a death cult), etc.
Interesting. Jews hold Jews to higher standards without abandoning their commitment as Jews devoted to Jews including the national Homeland of the Jews, Israel. We also have psychopaths like pappe, some self Hating self professing antisemite sax player in Britain, max blumenthal...who ever is the guy behind mondoweiss. the pbs news hour and others will always give a platform to if not now...." Israel is presented as some Jewish disneyland "she says.....when really it is pure evil.....psychopaths.
In more recent times, we have the Yevsektsiya, the Jewish section of the communist party that, following the 1917 revolution, actively pursued shutting down of Jewish religious culture in the Soviet union. They were all Jews and in the 1930s Stalin killed them all. After World War II, in the Soviet, there was the Jewish Anti Zionist league, also organized by the communist party to counter any ideas of Jewish nationalism. (In someways this was ironic because the Soviet Union was the first country to give de jure recognition to Israel in 1948, although, this was actually just a tactic to help push the British out of the Middle East.) however, any such attempt at showing loyalty to the Soviet regime was for not – Stalin was planning on wiping out Jews, accusing them of being “wandering cosmopolitans,” his plan only being foiled due to his death.
Thnk you for your important contribution.
Of course! Absolutely.
Too short more please.
Yes!
I dont want to claim to be an historian but I would think the biggest enemy among the Jews was Jesus Christ of Nazareth. He was an apostate and traitor to the Jewish people. His followers started a new religion called Christianity and they did quite a number on us over the centuries. Then again, the Christians have their version of Jesus. Frankly, I am an agnostic so I wish all religions would just live and let live and try not to invoke their beliefs on others. And dont get me started on those Muslims this early in the morning. papa j
I agree, live and let live!
Greeks, Romans and then yeshu ha'notzri and his followers (and yes some were Jews) by 250 C.E. Jews were expelled from Carthage, which coincided with the early writings in Greek of the synoptic gospels and the Book of Acts...and it continued on... In the 7th century as islam spread they too changed their "Holy Book" using the same cast of characters of the Torah - some things never change. Their carnage of Jews hasn't stopped either. There have been many bad actors over the centuries ....
Yeshu didn't want to start a new religion. That motivation was due to Paul (Shaul). There were quite a few jewish disciples of Yeshu who mostly died out by the 4th century. To find out more on this (I'm no expert), read books by Hugh Schonfield such as Those Incredible Christians.
Yes I agree with you.It was Paul.In fact I doubt that who the Chritians call Jesus actually existed. Rather it was a construct of several different personalities of current faith healers. And indeed for a long time it was impossible to distinguish Jewish Christians from Christian Jews.
My father agreed with you. Took many centuries for Christianity to form as more than a sect of Judaism. I tend to be charitable towards Yeshu'a. I believe he was not apostate but taught Judaism to Jews....but I don't pretend to expert either.
There’s been a big wave towards atheism or agnosticism (Jews and Christians) in the West. But Islam is still very strong in the Middle East.
Every community has traitors among them 🤬🤬
OH Mr. Rosen again......you left out Jews who were apostates to Islam....and did the same....I don't have the names but they are in the historic records. You left out the SDS Jews I wrote of. The JEws who went to pick sugar cane in 'revolutionary Cuba" but reviled Zionists like me....I went to pick oranges in Israel. The Talmud was preserved only under Islam? Can that be the case? Was the Talmud preserved no where in Christendom? Today the Arabs "translated" the Talmud so the Arabs can see for themselves those "Talmudic rituals" that Jews are practicing on the holy Al Aqsa Compound which we are instructed is only and exclusively Islamic....but that is not aparheid or racism....certainly not.... If not now, jvp.... someone from Brooklyn who made aliyah to Vermont....we have a lot of enemies from within.
Yes indeed I did leave out lots of other examples in both worlds. I try to be selective. Brevity is a discipline and makes easier reading. Thank you for poniting it out.
Truah, Not in My Name, Beyt Tikun in Berkley et al... I was shunned by my peers for joining Ichud Habonim in the 1960s, as a Labor Zionist instead of a sorority. I moved to kibbutz as a Labor Zionist in 1971. The rest is history.
Uncensored texts of the Talmud were preserved only in the Islamic countries. In Christian countries, some apostate Jews pointed out passages that they interpreted to be anti-Christian, and these were censored. There are still volumes of the Tomwood, whose title pages were directly copied from versions published in Thuan. On those title pages it is indicated that these texts were approved by the government sensor.
Interesting that the history cited includes France and Spain but not Italy. I remember reading that the Italians, while not loving toward their Jews, were not especially nasty either. Any other info on this?
It depended when and who was in charge (ruling Italy) .. Jews lived in Rome after the destruction of the Second Temple - here is a thorough historical timeline on Wikipedia of the history of Jews in Italy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy
Thank you. Most helpful!!!!!
Thanks!!!
Don’t forget, Italy consisted of many states throughout most of history.
The first ghetto was established in Italy, in the iron foundry district in Venice. In fact, the word ghetto means foundry in Italian.
I did not know. Very interesting!